Intrinsic viscositymolecular weight relationship for chitosan article pdf available in journal of polymer science part b polymer physics 3819. By measuring the solution viscosity we should be able to get an idea about molecular weight. Acetaldehyde and oligomers are contained in the pellets at lower level. The pet acronym may be used to avoid trademark infringement and to comply with various state or federal laws. D460318 standard test method for determining inherent viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate pet by glass capillary viscometer inherent viscosity solution viscosity glass capillary viscometers pet. Intrinsic viscosity iv intrinsic viscosity iv is a measure of polymer molecular weight, which in turn is a measure of the mechanical strength capability of the material. How to perform intrinsic viscosity iv measurement with. Correlating melt rheology of pet to solution intrinsic viscosity polyethylene terephthalate pet by glass capillary viscometer, astm international, west conshohocken, pa. Synergy modification of the microstructure and the property of pbo fiber by gammaray radiation.
Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. The intrinsic viscosity of the material, found by extrapolating to zero concentration of relative viscosity to concentration which is measured in deciliters per gram d. Melt flow rates of thermoplastics by extrusion plastometer1 this standard is issued under the. The viscosity behavior of macromolecular substances in solution is one of the most frequently used approaches for characterization. Molecular weight evaluation of depolymerized polyethylene. Jul 02, 20 we present a general theory for the intrinsic viscosity of flexible polymers of arbitrary architecture. The theory is based on a partially permeable sphere model for which we introduce two phenomenological functions, the drag function. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers. As there is little inner aqueous phase in lipoplex. Viscosity is calculated following standard methods astm d 4603 or 2857 11.
May 04, 2011 laboratory procedure for iv measurement of pet. It has been observed from the table that the intrinsic viscosity values obtained at 25c from methods ii and iii do not differ greatly, except for the recycled polyethylene terephthalate. Intrinsic viscosity for quality control of pet pet polyethylene terephthalate is a linear thermoplastic with a wide range of use including fibers, textiles and of course as a packaging material. Jul 21, 2008 lloyd instruments new davenport petplus intrinsic viscosity measurement instrument is a compact standalone instrument which uses the unique solventfree method described herein for routine intrinsic viscosity measurement of pet and other polymers. Iv enhancers for recycled pet goulston technologies. Correlating melt rheology of pet to solution intrinsic viscosity. Using a size 150 oswald viscometer, the intrinsic viscosities of uncleaved and cleaved kio 4 treated polyvinyl alcohol were determined. The psl rheotek rpv2 determins the inherent viscosity of poly ethylene terephthalate pet in dilute solution using glass capillary viscometers in accordance with astm d4603. Pet polyethylene terephthalate is a linear thermoplastic with a wide range of use including fibers, textiles and of course as a packaging material. The intrinsic viscosity for the uncleaved polymer was calculated to be. The intrinsic viscosity is the limit of the inherent viscosity when polymer concentration tends to zero. Specifically this paper covers efforts made at improving capillary test methods and algorithms for estimating intrinsic viscosity iv from viscosity.
Intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight and mfi of the three pet. Pdf intrinsic viscositymolecular weight relationship for. Intrinsic viscosity determination is used in the field of polymer chemistry, a chemistry subdiscipline which deals with the synthesis of polymers as well as the analysis of a polymers structure and properties. The longer the chains, stiffer the material and higher the intrinsic viscosity. Calculated value dimension formula mathematic parameter field of application intrinsic viscosity by solomonciuta rel volume by weight log 2 inr spec e c h n. Apparent viscosity capillary rheometer measurement of viscosity without any corrections lcr and lmi. Different grades of pet are classified using the intrinsic viscosity, a parameter to calculate the polymers molar mass. Intrinsic viscosity in conjunction with size exclusion chromatography seciv has long been used by the polymer community to characterize molar mass. Basically a measure of molecular size and not molecular weight, the dilute solution viscosity can be correlated appropriately with molecular weight or chain length only if there is a unique relationship between the mass and the size of. With portable, repeatable, and small sample viscometer, microvisc, yes. Product is an amorphous regranulate of an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0. The relative viscosity of the feedstock pet grain and the residual solid products from depolymerization reaction at six different time, respectively, was measured in the solution of 6040 ww phenol1,1,2,2. From lab to production, providing a window into the process.
The intrinsic viscosity is an intrinsic measure of the properties of a macromolecule in solution. Rheological evaluation of hpam fluids for eor applications. Can intrinsic viscosity be used as a qc parameter for the structure and size of polymers and other macromolecules. Intrinsic viscosity of polyethylen terephtalate pet. We present a general theory for the intrinsic viscosity of flexible polymers of arbitrary architecture. One of the most important characteristics of pet is referred to as intrinsic viscosity iv. Materials with higher viscosities require more energy force to move them lcr. Intrinsic viscosity article about intrinsic viscosity by. Characterization of recycledvirgin pet polymers and their. The two primary methods are markhouwink analysis using empirical values of markhouwink coefficients from the literature and universal calibration, which is appropriate for all linear, random coil polymers. Correlating melt rheology of pet to solution intrinsic. Goulstons line of costeffective intrinsic viscosity iv enhancer melt additives is beneficial in a variety of pet recovery and extrusion applications mitigating iv loss allows producers greater versatility in the sourcing of pet feedstock, while realizing cost reductions, higher efficiencies and first. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight decreased as the blend ratio of recycled pet was increased.
Pump temperature, capillary temperature, delta p, shear rate, shear stress, intrinsic viscosity, relative viscosity 2 analog input signals 420ma dc pressure speed optional. Effect of intrinsic viscosity on solidstate microcellular. It should not be confused with inherent viscosity, which is the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity to the mass concentration of the polymer intrinsic viscosity is defined as. The iv is used as part of the specification to select the right grade of pet for a particular application, and is measured at various points of the supply chain. Three grades of pet, with different intrinsic viscosities, were analyzed and compared, showing minor differences between the materials. In the case of pet, as well as in the recycling industry of this polymer, the test of intrinsic viscosity is widely used to determine molar mass. Learn about intrinsic viscosity iv measurement methods, uses of pet and final product testing in this article about intrinsic viscosity measurement. The importance of intrinsic viscosity iv measurement throughout. Petpolyethylene terephthalate is a linear thermoplastic with a wide range of use including fibers, textiles and of course as a packaging material. Lowviscosity pet typically has an intrinsic viscosity of less than 0.
Intrinsic viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol kyle groden home. The right procedure is crucial especially when testing iv of postconsumer bottle flakes to ensure precise and valuable results. Standard test method for melt flow rates of thermoplastics. The video will guide you through the test step by step from. In contrast to the wet chemical determination which takes several hours and requires trained chemists the presented nir method is extremely fast and can be performed by unskilled. The intrinsic viscosity number is defined as the limiting value of the specific. This is a measure of the polymers molecular weight and therefore an indicator of the materials crystallinity, melting point and tensile strength.
Diethylene glycol, isophthalic acid, intrinsic viscosity. Standard practice for dilute solution viscosity of polymers. One important parameter used to determine the correct grade of pet for a particular application is intrinsic viscosity or inherent viscosity iv. We can either use the huggins equation, which is derived from a virial expansion of the specific viscosity in powers of the intrinsic viscosity, or the kraemer equation, which results from an expansion of the inherent viscosity, to determine the intrinsic viscosity 1. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
Goulstons line of costeffective intrinsic viscosity iv enhancer melt additives is beneficial in a variety of pet recovery and extrusion applications. The petplus intrinsic viscosity measurement instrument uses a wellestablished unique, solventfree method for routine measurement of pet. The intrinsic viscosity is described as the limit of the ratio between the specific viscosity eta. Pdf intrinsic viscositymolecular weight relationship.
Determination of intrinsic viscosity of polymeric compounds through a single specific viscosity measurement article pdf available in polymer 3926. According to sorbie 1991, the intrinsic viscosity can be used to estimate the molecular weight of the polymer by markhouwink equation eq. The petplus intrinsic viscosity measurement instrument from lloyd instruments uses a. Intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight and mfi of the three pet polymers. Some studies on melt flow behaviour of poly ethylene. Polymers intrinsic viscosity measurements for quality. Solution viscosity in polymeric materials polymer char. Such resins may be classified as lowviscosity or highviscosity resins. Standard test method for determining inherent viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate pet by glass capillary viscometer1 this standard is issued under the. Polymers intrinsic viscosity measurements for quality control of pet. The detection of the intrinsic viscosity iv introduction. Gpc analysis of thermoplastic engineering polymers pbt, pet. Viscosity measurement of the ability of a fluid to resist flow. New research leads to the development of an automated and versatile technique for solution viscosity determination of a wide range of polymeric materials in different solvents, from ambient temperature up to 200.
Intrinsic viscosity is a measure of a solutes contribution to the viscosity of a solution. The intrinsic viscosity is used to classify polymers and helps to identify the applications that specific polymers can be used for. Mar 17, 2014 in this video, you can learn how to perform melt intrinsic viscosity iv measurement with the petplus testing machine from davenport. Solution viscosity measurement of the pet samples is conducted to determine the intrinsic viscosity. A solutes contribution to the viscosity of a solution, or its intrinsic viscosity, is a strong indicator of the molecular interactions. Petplus test instrument for the intrinsic viscosity iv measurement of pet polymers features the davenport petplus from lloyd instruments is a unique test instrument designed for the safe solventfree intrinsic viscosity iv measurement of moisturesensitive polyethylene terephthalate pet. Some researchers have proposed such relationships for polyethylene terephthalate. Then the approximate intrinsic viscosity was calculated from linear and exponential extrapolation of reduced viscosity. Diethylene glycol, isophthalic acid, intrinsic viscosity, and. Intrinsic viscosity reflects the capability of a polymer in solution to enhance the viscosity of the solution. Changes to this privacy policy this privacy policy is effective as of 11th april and will remain in effect except with respect to any changes in its provisions in the future, which will be in effect immediately after being posted on this page. The main indicator for the quality and the most important characteristic of pet is the value of its intrinsic viscosity. Intrinsic viscosity iv is a measure of the polymers molecular weight and therefore reflects the materials melting point, crystallinity and tensile strength.
Feb 10, 2009 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. The polymer chain length in pet determines the molecular weight of the. Viscosity techniques are very popular because they are experimentally simple. The importance of intrinsic viscosity iv measurement throughout the pet supply chain. It should not be confused with inherent viscosity, which is the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity to the mass concentration of the polymer. In this video, you can learn how to perform melt intrinsic viscosity iv measurement with the petplus testing machine from davenport. The intrinsic viscositymolecular weight relationship for chitosan was determined in 0. Diethylene glycol, isophthalic acid, intrinsic viscosity, and acid number in pet granulate by nirs. Recycled pet additives iv enhancer for petchain extender for recycled polyester. Intrinsic viscosity is dependent upon the length of its. To characterize the average molecular weight on polyester pet and polyamid pa based plastics very often the solvent viscosity is being used, also called intrinsic viscosity. The intrinsic viscosity of pet in solution is determined in triplicate and averaged for each of the five pet samples. Seciv intrinsic viscosity with gpc for polymer analysis. Correlating melt rheology of pet to solution intrinsic viscosity of the rheology of pet resins.
Lowviscosity resins, which are sometimes referred to as. Recycling pet beverage bottles and improving properties. Correlating melt rheology of pet to solution intrinsic viscosity pet resins. Petplus test instrument for the intrinsic viscosity iv.
Standard test method for determining inherent viscosity of. Intrinsic viscosity the effect of pet on the viscosity of a solution of pet. Pdf determination of intrinsic viscosity of polymeric. Chitosan samples with a degree of acetylation da between 20 and 26. The specific viscosity is related to the intrinsic viscosity by a. This application note describes the quantitative determination of diethylene glycol deg, isophthalic acid ipa, intrinsic viscosity iv, and acid number tan of pet products on a nirs ds2500 analyzer. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate pet with a range of intrinsic viscosity iv 0. The difference between these two methods is that astm d 4603 allows the determination of the intrinsic viscosity of a pet sample with a single concentration, as opposed to successive dilutions of the original solution.
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